Understanding the Pelvic Floor: Function, Dysfunction, and Treatment Options

 

The pelvic floor muscles support the bladder, uterus, and rectum. These muscles support continence, sexual function, and core stability.

Pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum recovery include pelvic floor muscles in women. Incontinence, pelvic discomfort, and sexual dysfunction can result from pelvic floor muscle weakness.

Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles by tightening and relaxing them. Pregnant and postpartum women might benefit from these pelvic floor exercises. More severe pelvic floor issues may require physical treatment or surgery.

Muscles, ligaments, and nerves support the pelvic organs and govern bladder and bowel function in the pelvic floor. The pelvic floor muscles—pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and coccygeus—are layered.

Pregnancy, childbirth, aging, obesity, prolonged constipation or straining, and medical problems including nerve injury or pelvic organ prolapse can weaken these muscles. Weak pelvic floor muscles can cause incontinence, pelvic discomfort, and sexual dysfunction.

Kegels can strengthen pelvic floor muscles. Contract the pelvic floor muscles to stop urine flow, hold for a few seconds, then release. Kegels must be done correctly and regularly to work.

Pelvic floor dysfunction may need physical therapy, biofeedback, or surgery. If you have pelvic floor issues, talk to a doctor about treatment.

Additional pelvic floor information:

Pelvic floor muscles support pelvic organs and aid sexual function. Sexual excitement relaxes pelvic floor muscles, increasing blood flow and lubrication. They contract during orgasm, increasing pleasure.

Kegel exercises and other lifestyle adjustments can enhance pelvic floor health. Maintaining a healthy weight, being hydrated, and avoiding constipation and bowel straining can help prevent pelvic floor disorders.

Your doctor can diagnose and treat pelvic floor problems. Pelvic floor physical treatment may increase muscular strength and coordination. Surgery is another possibility.

Pelvic floor issues are frequent, especially in postpartum women. They're typically misdiagnosed and undertreated. Discuss urine or fecal incontinence, pelvic discomfort, or sexual dysfunction with your doctor.